Tertiary Treatment – STP
Where the highest quality of effluent is required, a third (tertiary) stage of treatment can be used to remove most the remaining suspended organic matter from the effluent before it is discharged to a watercourse.
- An extended interaction between chlorine and bacteria results in a successful disinfection procedure
- The contact time varies with chlorine concentration, the type of pathogens present, pH, and temperature of the water.
- MMF is used to reduce level of suspended solids in incoming feed water.
- MMF is suggested when Silt Density Index value is greater than 3 or Turbidity is greater than 0.2 NTU.
- MMF consists of three cycles which are: (Backwash Cycle, Rinse Cycle & Service Cycle )
- This is generally employed in process of removing organic compounds and extracting free chloride from water.
- Coconut shell & coal (anthracite or bituminous) are both the organic sources of activated carbon.
- ACF is based on absorption process where open pores are what allow the carbon to capture contaminants.
- This process requires an extensive amount of surface area, and organics in the water will eventually fill up and block the pores of the carbon
